Chapter 13
Carboxylic Acids
![IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12343.jpg)
IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below.
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the…
![Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13083.jpg)
Carboxylic acids with lower molecular weight exhibit a sharp and unpleasant odor. They also have higher boiling and melting points than analogous…
![Substituent Effects on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13084.jpg)
The acidity of carboxylic acids is influenced by the nature of the substituents bounded to the functional group. The acid strength is determined by…
![IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12346.jpg)
In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond…
![Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12347.jpg)
There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing…
![Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis of Nitriles](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13085.jpg)
Nitriles (R–CN) can be converted into carboxylic acids (R–COOH) upon treatment with aqueous acids, i.e., upon hydrolysis of nitriles.…
![Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/13087.jpg)
Carboxylic acids possess an acidic –COOH functional group. The acidity can be attributed to the resonance stabilization of their…
![Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12348.jpg)
The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic…
![Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12349.jpg)
Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of…
![Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12350.jpg)
Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and…
![Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/50858_t.png)
Molecular cruciforms are X-shaped systems in which two conjugation axes intersect at a central core. If one axis of these molecules is substituted…
![Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with <em>p</em>-Nitrobenzoic Acid](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/56608_t.png)
Continuous flow technology has been identified as instrumental for its environmental and economic advantages leveraging superior mixing, heat…
![Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation](https://jovecdn2.ccindex.cn/files/thumbs/53439_t.png)
Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
Free SampleFree access at this time
Oxidoreductases belong to the most-applied industrial enzymes. Nevertheless, they need external electrons whose supply is often costly and…