When a salt dissolves in water, the cation and anion dissociate. Each ion attracts ions of the opposite charge due to electrostatic attraction.
This ionic …
Adding 50 mmol of potassium nitrate to a liter of saturated aqueous calcium sulfate solution leads to the concentrations of dissolved calcium and sulfate …
The activity of a species is a measure of its effective concentration and considers additional factors, like the effect of electrolytes on the chemical …
Activity is the measure of effective concentration. It is unitless and can be expressed as the product of the molar concentration of the species and its …
Recall that the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt increases with the addition of an inert salt in a phenomenon known as the salt effect.
The extent …
In systems with multiple equilibria, the equilibrium calculations use a systematic approach involving a series of steps to make sure there are as many …
The definition of the pH of a solution as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration is valid only for an ideal solution.
In practice, the …
Ladder diagrams are graphical representations useful for evaluating the chemistry of a given system during analysis.
A Ladder diagram used for assessing …
Consider a saturated solution of sparingly soluble salt calcium fluoride with excess solid calcium fluoride. The already dissolved calcium fluoride has …
Recall that in complexation, metal ions react with ligands to form complexes.
These ligands can be either monodentate with one donor site or polydentate …
Titrimetric analysis in solution chemistry involves measuring the volume of solutions and is often called volumetric analysis. The standard solution of …
The stability of metal complexes depends on the nature of the central metal ion and the attached ligands.
So, small ions with a high positive charge on …
The main limitation of NMR-based investigations is low sensitivity. This prompts for long acquisition times, thus preventing real-time NMR measurements of …
